Soft-baking optimization in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 absorbers prepared from nanoparticle inks

Michael D. K. Jones, Stephen Campbell, Neil S. Beattie, Guillaume Zoppi, Vincent Barrioz, yongtao Qu Northumbria University, Newcastle, --, United Kingdom

This research delves into the optimization of the soft-baking process of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticles for solar cell applications. Employing the hot-injection method, CZTS nanoparticles were synthesized and subsequently coated on soda-lime glass substrates using varying soft-bake conditions. The study systematically explores the impact of temperature and duration during soft-bake on residual carbon content, crystalline quality, and absorber layer thickness, revealing insights crucial for enhancing CZTS-based solar cell efficiency. The results demonstrate a notable reduction in carbon layer thickness and improved CZTS absorber layer quality and thickness at higher soft-bake temperatures. The study further employs techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis, and other spectroscopic methods to validate the observed trends. As CZTS nanoparticles continue to be a promising candidate for sustainable solar energy conversion, this research contributes essential knowledge for refining the fabrication processes and optimizing the performance of CZTS-based solar cells.